We have now fallen into a confusing state of denials, cross-talk and double-speak over the closure of 'some police stations.'

There is yet no reliable measure or evidence to prove either way. So we live with the dangerous uncertainty.

Was it true, speculation or just a rumour? Whom do you believe - Dr Rowley or Police Commissioner Erla Harewood-Christopher?

Here's another one - the '$25,000-limit Pensions Bill.'

Do you believe the Attorney General's claim that it was 'a public servant' who mistakenly inserted a misleading clause in the bill?

What is worrying is the advice given by Prof Jean-Noel Kapferer in his book Rumours. He said when in doubt over rumours (hearsay of doubtful accuracy), citizens should seek clarity and truth from government officials.

But suppose it is an elected government official who is spreading the self-serving rumour, especially at election time? How can you trust a political leader who tells you one thing today and does something opposite tomorrow?

The tricky thing is that in our sliced democracy, the opposition would likely believe and peddle rumours and propaganda (an organised programme of publicity; selected information used to propagate a doctrine, or idea) about the government, while the government would likely believe and peddle rumours and propaganda about the opposition - both leading to the common view that in politics the first casualties are truth and trust.

Prof Kathleen Hall Jamieson noted: 'Because political campaigns thrive on contrasts and more easily reinforce than change attitudes, they naturally traffic in stereotypes.'

Stereotypes contain falsehoods, subtle lies and distortions. She named her book Dirty Politics.

An election season or a national crisis is ripe and ready for the self-serving spread of lies, rumours and propaganda. Many books have been written on this intriguing subject - especially on how effectively Germany's Adolf Hitler ('Make Germany Great Again') and Italy's Benito Mussolini (Fascism) captured millions of supporters, not only to suppress but destroy any opposition.

In William Lutz's book Doublespeak, there is an illuminating chapter on the Doublespeak of Government and Politics which explains the numerous ways in which politicians twist and turn the truth. Our public language, he says, 'has become a language of deception that masquerades as openness.'

During the week after the July 27, 1990, Jamaat-al-Muslimeen uprising, I attempted to collect the number and content of rumours being spread by various people through the electronic and print media, face-to-face exchanges and telephones. We had no cellphones then. In fact even a landline was hard to get in this 'social contact' society.

I intended to write a book on the spread of insurrection-related rumours and propaganda as an accompaniment to another one I was writing, A Society Under Siege: A Study of Political Confusion and Legal Mysticism.

This published book described the causes of the insurrection, the violent takeover of media houses and Parliament, the related